NPPB and congestive heart failure: Additionally, in a sub-analysis of the J-MELODIC trial (Japanese Multicenter Evaluation of Long- vs. short-acting Diuretics In Congestive heart failure), we previously demonstrated that HFpEF was heterogeneous based on the prognostic utility of BNP levels in the LVEF ranges (40–60% and ≥ 60%) [29].