For example, Klotho, predominantly produced by TECs, possess the potentials against the development of renal fibrosis, which is partly mediated by blocking TGF-β1 signaling through the mechanism of directly binding to the type-II TGF-β1 receptor to inhibit the binding of TGF-β1 to its cell surface receptors14,67. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is renal fibrosis.