TLR2 and fibrosis: Our results showed that TLR4+IFN-γ-activated MSC alleviated liver granulomatous and fibrosis in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum, without a significant increase of mortality rate, and unpretreated MSC showed no clear improvement of hepatic fibrosis; however, TLR2+IFN-γ-activated MSC displayed aggravated immunopathology.