IFNG and schistosomiasis: In order to further clarify the mechanism of different pretreated MSC on the pathology of schistosomiasis, their effects on Th1 (IFN-γ and TNF) and Th2 cytokine (IL-5) in vitro were evaluated by direct coculture of splenocytes from infected mice with none or different pretreated MSC in the presence of SEA.