CXCR3 and neoplasm: To identify which factor(s) participate in the downregulation of CXCR3 on CD8+ T cells during CRC malignancy, we tested 13 inflammatory cytokines using a multiplex array in the following three groups: sera of CRC patients vs. HDs, sera of advanced-stage patients vs. early-stage patients, and supernatants of tumor tissues vs. paired normal tissues (Fig. 3a).