ADCY1 and Hepatic fibrosis: Studies published in Hepatology (Trebicka et al. 2009) and the British Journal of Pharmacology (Vasina et al. 2012) have revealed that the expression of β3-AR is significantly increased in liver fibrosis patients and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced rat models of liver fibrosis and that portal vein pressure is regulated through the adenylate cyclase (β3-AR/cyclic adenosine monophosphate) pathway.