As shown in Table 1, people who died during the follow-up period were associated with several variables: old age, male, smoking, low BMI, long diabetes duration, and insulin use; history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke, coronary artery disease, severe hypoglycemia, peripheral neuropathy, and nephropathy; low levels of total energy intake, fat intake, and HDL; and high levels of carbohydrate intake, HbA1c, and fasting plasma glucose. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.