To directly assess the impact of lack of adaptive immunity on our previously observed GDF15 mediated reduction in PCa growth, we compared prostate tumor growth in a cohort of TRAMP (n = 22), TRAMPfmsmic-1 (n = 15), TRAMPrag-/- (n = 18) and TRAMPfmsmic/rag1-/- (n = 14) mice (Fig 1b). Here, RAG1 is linked to prostate neoplasm.