The fact that VEGF induces pro-inflammatory cytokines may explain why bevacizumab 0.05% eye drops can improve OSDI scores in dry eye patients, i.e., by inhibiting VEGF-A, itself, and other pain-associated cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-17 and IL-18. This evidence concerns the gene IL18 and Keratoconjunctivitis sicca.