PIN1 and cancer: Pin1 activity and expression are significantly inhibited in human AD brains and highly increased in diverse types of cancers, indicating that Pin1 might have important roles in both proliferation and degeneration (Lu et al., 1999a; Liou et al., 2003; Butterfield et al., 2006; Lu and Zhou, 2007; Lee et al., 2011b; Driver et al., 2012; Zhou and Lu, 2016; Chen et al., 2020).