While growing evidence supports the oncogenic role of DARPP-32 and t-DARPP in a wide variety of adenocarcinomas,29,46 we are the first to report that DARPP-32 isoforms promote neuroendocrine oncogenesis, as we observe DARPP-32 and t-DARPP drive SCLC growth through anti-apoptotic mechanisms and pro-survival signalling via Akt and Erk. Here, AKT1 is linked to adenocarcinoma.