In epithelial ovarian cancer stem cells, Twist1 has been identified as the positive regulator of this gene cluster.40 However, in other tumour cell lines, Twist1 has no effect on miR-199a-3p expression.41 In this study, we found that Twist1 can induce miR-199a-3p expression in HSCs and further promote HSC activation (Fig. 6). Here, TWIST1 is linked to neoplasm.