For the diagnosis of CLD patients, compared to APRI (AUROC = 0.879, AUPR = 0.958), AST/ALT (AUROC = 0.603, AUPR = 0.849), and FIB-4 (AUROC = 0.707, AUPR = 0.897), we again observed higher classification performances for model 1 with AUROC of 0.977 (0.963–0.988) and AUPR of 0.993 (0.989–0.997) in the validation set (Fig. 3e, f). Here, GPT is linked to congenital secretory chloride diarrhea 1.