Recently, potential urinary and serum biomarkers of AKI have been identified, namely cystatin-C, neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL), N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin 18 (IL-18), liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), calprotectin, urine angiotensinogen (AGT), urine microRNAs, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) [19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29]. The gene discussed is CST3; the disease is acute kidney injury.