,11,13, 14, 15, 16 Although novel gene-, cell-, and protein-based therapies have demonstrated promising results in delivering C7 to the skin, challenges remain and there is still no cure for RDEB.13, 14, 15, 16 TGF-β signaling has been demonstrated to play an essential role in the development of fibrosis and in the progression to malignancy in RDEB.17, 18, 19 Our previous study demonstrated that TGF-β signaling is activated as early as a week after birth in col7a1−/− mice.20 This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.