TLR3 and herpes simplex encephalitis: For instance, it is well established that defects of the TLR3 signaling pathway increase susceptibility to HSV encephalitis (HSE) (Lim et al. 2014; Zhang et al. 2007), and remarkably, POL III mutations were not identified in whole exome sequencing of large cohorts of HSE patients (Lim et al. 2014).