INS and Hyperglycemia: Exposure of the fetus to maternal obesity and diabetes has in rodent models been suggested to have long-lasting effects on organ development and function, including also neuroendocrine regulation and brain development [64], through hyperglycemia [77], oxidative stress [78, 79], lipotoxicity [80, 81], inflammation [82–84] and the associated hormones insulin and leptin [20, 66, 85].