AFP and liver disorder: The Asia-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) guidelines endorse its use in combination with abdominal US [22], whereas the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) guidelines state that all tested biomarkers (including AFP) are suboptimal in terms of cost-effectiveness [25], and finally, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) mention both surveillance strategies (ultrasonography with or without AFP) as equivalent [26].