Levels of mature IL-1β (Fig 1C), caspase-1 (Fig 1D), NLRP3, IL-1β, CASP1, and AIM2 mRNA (Fig 1G) and CCL2 and CCL5 chemokines (Fig 1E and 1F), key mediators of inflammatory cell recruitment, were also significantly elevated in NASH-affected liver biopsies compared to healthy controls, confirming earlier studies [14,15,35,36]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.