HSPA4 and neoplasm: Hsf1 has been shown to promote tumorigenesis and cancer progression (Dai et al, 2007; Dai, 2018), and many tumor entities are addicted to high levels of molecular chaperones, like Hsp70, Hsp90, and Hsp27, and high levels of Hsp70 and Hsp90 have been associated with poor prognosis (Calderwood & Gong, 2016; Yun et al, 2019).