AKT1 and cardiac hypertrophy: The known mechanisms of pathological cardiac hypertrophy include calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) signaling, β-adrenergic receptor signaling, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II signaling, cGMP/protein kinase G signaling, protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and insulin receptor (IR)/AKT signaling [2].