The results from IHC staining revealed that low expression of PDK4 was detected in 8 out of 39 adjacent non-cancerous liver tissues (20.5%)(Fig. 1A-a,b,c,d and Supplementary Table 1) and 32 out of 39 HCC specimens (82.1%)(Fig. 1A-e,f,g,h and Supplementary Table 1). The gene discussed is PDK4; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.