TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Moreover, and consistent with previous data in human myocytes derived from obese and T2D subjects (Formentini et al, 2017a), Skm TNFα levels were 270% upregulated and the pattern of myokines and cytokines altered when ATP synthase was inhibited (Fig 3N), what may contribute to inflammation associated with the IR setting (Ciaraldi et al, 2016).