Additionally, the IL-32 sera levels in SSc-PAH patients were significantly higher when compared with patients affected by iPAH [99.9 pg/ml (55.4–185.6) in SSc-PAH patients vs 62.1 pg/ml (0–197.8) in patients with iPAH; p = 0.03]. This evidence concerns the gene IL32 and pulmonary arterial hypertension.