Figure 3a shows a positive correlation between IL-32 levels obtained from SSc patients undergoing RHC, to confirm PAH, and their mPAP measures [Spearman r = 0.37 (CI − 0.01 to 0.66), p = 0.02; linear regression r2 = 0.13, p = 0.02]. Here, IL32 is linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension.