Figure 1a shows that the IL-32 sera levels were significantly higher in SSc-PAH patients, when compared with SSc patients without PAH [99.9 pg/ml (55.4–185.6) in SSc-PAH patients vs 0 pg/ml (0–9.9) in SSc patients without PAH; p < 0.0001]. Here, IL32 is linked to systemic sclerosis.