In the Trial of Intensified vs Standard Medical Therapy in Elderly Patients with Congestive Heart Failure (TIME-CHF), Can Pro-brain-natriuretic Peptide Guided Therapy of Chronic Heart Failure Improve Heart Failure Morbidity and Mortality (PRIMA), and Guiding Evidence-based Therapy Using Biomarker-intensified Treatment in Heart Failure (GUIDE-IT) studies that failed to demonstrate prognostic superiority of NT-proBNP-guided therapy over conventional strategies in heart failure patients, patients were followed up every 3 months for NT-proBNP measurement [9, 10, 12]. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and heart failure.