C9orf72 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: At present, the four major ALS-associated genes are the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) [19, 20], Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) [21], TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TARDBP) [22, 23], and fusion in malignant liposarcoma/translocation in liposarcoma (FUS/TLS) [24, 25], in addition to at least other 40 genes [26].