Of interest, recent data suggest that prediction of acute kidney injury may be aided by urinary TIMP-2 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), which both act to induce G1 cell cycle arrest, reflective of a state of pre-injury, and thus may be superior to other measures of kidney insult (NGAL, KIM-1) [72]. This evidence concerns the gene TIMP2 and acute kidney injury.