In particular, the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) during periodontitis is reported to trigger the cascade of pro-inflammatory signaling that, subsequently, activates redox-sensitive transcription factors responsible for endothelial cell hyper-permeability, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) activation, chemotaxis and also cytokines/interleukins (TNF, IL-1, IL-6) release into the bloodstream. The gene discussed is VCAM1; the disease is periodontitis.