In 2011, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Ipilimumab for metastatic disease therapy, the first immune checkpoint inhibitor (an anti-CTLA-4 drug), for the treatment of advanced melanoma, and Vemurafenib, a BRAF inhibitor, for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600E mutation. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is metastatic melanoma.