TNF and cancer: Based on these trends, an examination of ALP/OVA-pulsed DC vaccination showed that ALP could induce anti-cancer activity by inducing strong CTL activity, the generation of multifunctional CD4+ (CD107+TNF-α+CD4+) and CD8+ (CD107+IFN-γ+IL-2+TNF-α+CD8+, CD107+IL-2+TNF-α+CD8+, and CD107+TNF-α+CD8+) T cells, and an IgG2a response.