CXCL8 and colitis: DSS-induced colitis induces the massive infiltration of T and B lymphocytes, neutrophils, granulocytes, and macrophages, and they express various pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-12, and IL-17; and IFN-γ [41,42].