IFN-γ plays an important role in the initiation of DSS-induced colitis by increasing the expression of three chemokines: monokines induced by IFN-γ (MIG), IFN-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) [43]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL9 and colitis.