TLR9 and hepatocellular carcinoma: We observed that PD-L1 protein levels were significantly increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner in HCC cells following ODN2216 (a human TLR9 agonist, stimulating Hep3B, Huh7 cells) or ODN1585 (a murine TLR9 agonist, stimulating Hepa1-6 cells) treatment (Figure 2A-C).