VDR and colorectal carcinoma: VD3, especially its most potent metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), shows anti-tumor efficacy in CRC through the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis by binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and VD3/1,25(OH)2D3 deficiency is linked to a high incidence of neoplasia 55-57.