Additionally, hCMEC cultures infected with E. coli EV36-RFP and phage K1F-GFP in combination displayed identical co-localisation patterns to that of E. coli EV36-RFP infection alone, with co-localisation of both bacterial and phage signals with antibodies for Galectin-8 (Fig. 5C), NDP52 (Fig. 5F) and ubiquitin (Fig. 6C), indicative of xenophagy. This evidence concerns the gene CALCOCO2 and infection.