Conventionally, monocytes are not known for their antigen-presenting ability during T1D, but a study by Ren et al. (2017) has shown that intermediate monocytes in T1D patients have a better antigen presentation capability with higher levels of HLA-DR, CD86 and positive correlation with increased frequency of CD45RO + CD4 + memory T cells14. This evidence concerns the gene CD86 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.