Our results revealed that elevated serum PD-1 levels, PD-1-positive TILs and PD-1-positive cancer cells were found in 61.5%, 41.7% and 100% of cats with HER2-positive mammary carcinoma and in 57.1%, 33.3% and 100% of cats with triple-negative normal-like mammary tumors. Here, PDCD1 is linked to cancer.