INS and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: In the present randomized controlled clinical trial among adult, overweight, newly-diagnosed moderate-to-severe OSA patients, the combination of a weight-loss intervention based on the healthy Mediterranean dietary/lifestyle pattern with OSA standard care achieved greater improvements in cardiometabolic parameters, namely insulin resistance, lipidemic profile indices, liver enzymes, blood pressure and the presence of the MS and its components, compared to standard care alone, i.e., prescription of CPAP therapy and brief written lifestyle advice.