The level of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-a, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, increases significantly in patients after acute pancreatitis.[15] Circulating IL-6 may participate in mitochondrial DNA damage and iron dyshomeostasis of skeletal muscle cells, which is implicated in muscle aging. Here, TNF is linked to acute pancreatitis.