There are over 200 reported mutations scattered across the 13 exons that encode Gsα, including small insertions/deletions, amino acid substitutions, nonsense mutations, and point mutations, most of which can be found in the Human Gene Mutation Database and the Leiden Open Variation Database.[16] Small insertions/deletions causing frameshift mutation makes up nearly half of all the mutations, and a 4-bp deletion within exon 7 is considered a hot spot.[17] There are previous reports of Chinese patients with PHP-Ia and PPHP who were confirmed by genetic analysis. This evidence concerns the gene GNAS and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism.