MAPK signal transduction pathways, such as ERK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38, also play a role in immune-mediated neuroinflammatory responses and are implicated in the pathogenesis of AD (Hommes et al., 2003; Mendonca et al., 2018; Zhu et al., 2002). Here, MAPK8 is linked to Alzheimer disease.