Although the life cycles of DNA and RNA viruses largely differ, we speculated that activated ATM (Fig 2, S1 to S5 Figs), and ATR (S9 Fig) may play similar roles in tumor cells in response to NDV infection and membrane fusion, as evinced by the activation of DNA-PKs signals, regulators of the nonhomologous end joining-mediated repair of DSBs. This evidence concerns the gene ATR and neoplasm.