Onaygil et al. found statistical significance between several anisotropy indices in estrogen receptor positive and negative (ER+ and ER-) breast cancers, and separate correlations with the levels of Ki-67, a biomarker for cellular proliferation, while Ozal et al. reported identifying distinct correlations between various DTI metrics and levels of breast cancer prognostic factors: ER, progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), Ki-67, and lymphatic invasion in invasive tumors (54, 55). This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and breast cancer.