Previous studies have revealed that miR-221 inhibits autophagy and promotes heart failure by modulating the p27/CDK2/mTOR axis and inhibits hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced autophagy through the DDIT4/mTORC1 and TP53INP1/p62 pathways (27, 28). This evidence concerns the gene TP53INP1 and heart failure.