NRG4 and diabetic kidney disease: Kralisch et al. found that circulating Nrg4 was significantly lower in patients with end-stage kidney disease on maintenance renal replacement therapy treatment compared to subjects with an eGFR > 50 ml/min/1.73 m2 and independently associated with a preserved renal function and mRNA expression of Nrg4 is reduced in adipose tissue depots of mice with diabetic kidney disease as compared to non-diabetic control mice [42].