Using G9Cα−/−.NOD mice that express a transgenic TcR derived from the insulin-reactive G9C8 CD8 T-cell clone and using NOD mice, a model of spontaneous T1D development, Culina et al. were able to delay the onset and reduce the incidence of T1D in offspring from mothers injected with a preproinsulin (PPI)-Fcγ1 fusion protein (236). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.