VEGFA and choroidal neovascularization: Sun et al. (2019) showed that genetic variants of cytokine Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 (FGF10) are associated with susceptibility to myopia and HM in young children. Similarly, the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) level is also elevated in highly myopic eyes (Ding et al., 2019). Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) centers on the neuroprotective role and may be involved in idiopathic epiretinal membrane growth (Ding et al., 2019), while Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) focuses on myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) (Bosch-Morell et al., 2015).