Polygonati Rhizoma could notably remedy mitochondrial apoptosis and alleviate HFD-induced NAFLD via increasing the expression levels of caspase 3, caspase 9, and Bax, while decreasing the Bcl-2 level in hepatocytes and cytchrome C in mitochondria (Yang et al., 2019b). Here, CASP9 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.