In conclusion, the findings of low vulnerability to striatal dopaminergic degeneration and nigrostriatal neuroinflammation in female A53T transgenic mice further increase the interest in this mouse strain as a model suitable for use in preclinical studies of gender differences in PD and lead us to hypothesize that NCX1 and NCX3 play a role in determining the different pattern of dopaminergic degeneration that can be observed in the nigrostriatal systems of male and female A53T transgenic mice. The gene discussed is SLC8A3; the disease is Parkinson disease.