The TGF-β signaling pathway is an established player in neuronal health (Barmada and Finkbeiner, 2010; Katsuno et al., 2011) and increased levels are associated with early disease stages in animal models and ALS subjects (Si et al., 2014, 2015; Meroni et al., 2019). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.