However, many model client proteins involved in the appearance of adult onset neurodegenerative diseases were shown to aggregate less in the presence of the CASA-complex, such as elongated polyQ-variants of the mutant androgen receptor (AR), mutant huntingtin (HTT) or mutant ataxin-3 (ATX-3), SOD1 mutants, TDP-43 mutants, neurotoxic dipeptides deriving from the expanded repeat of the C9ORF72 mRNA. The gene discussed is ATXN3; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.