VHL and cancer: We identified 7 suggestive (FDR < 0.05 in the TFT analysis) ancestry-specific cancer-gene associations in the African ancestry, 6 of which have been previously described including SDHB in PCPG [39], ATM in PRAD [40, 41], FH in KIRP [42], VHL in KIRC [43], PTEN in UCEC [44], and BRCA2 in OV [12].